Wednesday, March 5, 2008

eponyms in medicine - part 35


341 - Capgras syndrome is delusional belief that one or a few highly familiar people have been replaced by impostors who are physically very similar to the originals; seen rarely in schizophrenia.

342 - Mallory body is “alcoholic hyalin -” an eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion in liver cells that is characteristic of alcoholic liver disease but seen in many other conditions as well (e.g. - primary biliary cirrhosis - Wilson’s disease - chronic cholestatic syndromes - focal nodular hyperplasia - and hepatocellular carcinoma); inclusions composed largely of intermediate filaments of prekeratin.

343 - Forrester classification is in myocardial infarction - I - PWP<18>2.2 L/min/m2 - 2% mort; II - PWP>18 and CI>2.2 - 10% mort; III - CI<2.2>18 and CI<2.2>

344 - Paget’s disease of bone is osteitis deformans - characterized by initial osteolytic stage followed by a mixed osteoclastic-osteoblastic stage - which ends with osteoblastic activity and evolves into a burnt-out osteosclerotic stage; increased alkaline phosphatase and increased urine hydroxyproline.

345 - Hoover’s sign is a modification in the movement of the costal margins during respiration - caused by a flattening of the diaphragm; suggestive of empyema or other intrathoracic condition causing a change in the contour of the diaphragm.

346 - Maddrey discriminant function is for predicting mortality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis - Maddrey DF = 4.6 x (PT-control PT) + serum bilirubin; DF > 32 associated with high short-term mortality - 1 month mort 35% in absence of encephalopathy and 45% if encephalopathy present.

347 - Vater - ampulla is location where common bile duct enters the duodenum; described by German anatomist Vater (1684-1751).

348 - Starr-Edwards valve is ball and cage valve - oldest prosthetic valve in continuous use - first used in 1965.

349 - Nothnagel’s syndrome is injury to superior cerebellar peduncle causing ipsilateral oculomotor palsy and contralateral cerebellar ataxia.

350 - Martin-Lewis agar is variant of chocolate agar medium for growing Neisseria.

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