Wednesday, March 5, 2008

eponyms in medicine - part 47


461 - Christmas disease is hemophilia B - deficiency in factor IX.

462 - de Quervain’s disease is a stenosing tenosynovitis of the thumb extensors and abductors; pain elicited with Finkelstein’s test.

463 - Munchausen’s syndrome is factitious disorder - eponym given by Asher in 1951 after Baron Karl Munchausen (1720-1797) - retired German cavalry officer with a reputation for preposterous stories about his activities as a soldier - hunter.

464 - MacCallum’s plaques is irregular thickenings - usually in the left atrium - from subendocardial lesions - usually exacerbated by regurgitant jets.

465 -POEMS syndrome is polyneuropathy - organomegaly - endocrinopahty - M protein - and skin changes which may be seen in plasma cell dyscrasias; also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome in Japan.

466 - Santorini’s fissures is fissures in anterior aspect of cartilaginous portion of ear canal through which neurovascular tissues pass; may allow spread of ear disease to parotid joint - TMJ - soft tissues of upper neck.

467 - Glauber’s salt is sodium sulfate - laxative.

468 - Hampton's hump, also Hampton hump, is a radiologic sign seen on chest X-rays indicating pulmonary infarction and classically due to pulmonary embolism induced atelectasis.

It consists of a pleura based shallow wedge-shaped consolidation in the lung periphery with the base against the pleural surface. It is named after Aubrey Otis Hampton.

469 - In chest radiography, the Westermark Sign, is a sign that represents a focus of oligemia (vasoconstriction) seen distal to a pulmonary embolus (PE).[1] While the chest x-ray is abnormal in the majority of PE cases, the Westermark sign is seen in only 2% of patients.[2]

The sign results from a combination of:

1. the dilation of the pulmonary arteries proximal to the embolus and

2. the collapse of the distal vasculature creating the appearance of a sharp cut off on chest radiography.

470 - Wickham’s striae is in lichen planus - papules are highlighted by a shiny surface with a lacy white pattern.

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