eponyms in medicine - part 35

341 - Capgras syndrome is delusional belief that one or a few highly familiar people have been replaced by impostors who are physically very similar to the originals; seen rarely in schizophrenia.

342 - Mallory body is “alcoholic hyalin -” an eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion in liver cells that is characteristic of alcoholic liver disease but seen in many other conditions as well (e.g. - primary biliary cirrhosis - Wilson’s disease - chronic cholestatic syndromes - focal nodular hyperplasia - and hepatocellular carcinoma); inclusions composed largely of intermediate filaments of prekeratin.

343 - Forrester classification is in myocardial infarction - I - PWP<18>2.2 L/min/m2 - 2% mort; II - PWP>18 and CI>2.2 - 10% mort; III - CI<2.2>18 and CI<2.2>

344 - Paget’s disease of bone is osteitis deformans - characterized by initial osteolytic stage followed by a mixed osteoclastic-osteoblastic stage - which ends with osteoblastic activity and evolves into a burnt-out osteosclerotic stage; increased alkaline phosphatase and increased urine hydroxyproline.

345 - Hoover’s sign is a modification in the movement of the costal margins during respiration - caused by a flattening of the diaphragm; suggestive of empyema or other intrathoracic condition causing a change in the contour of the diaphragm.

346 - Maddrey discriminant function is for predicting mortality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis - Maddrey DF = 4.6 x (PT-control PT) + serum bilirubin; DF > 32 associated with high short-term mortality - 1 month mort 35% in absence of encephalopathy and 45% if encephalopathy present.

347 - Vater - ampulla is location where common bile duct enters the duodenum; described by German anatomist Vater (1684-1751).

348 - Starr-Edwards valve is ball and cage valve - oldest prosthetic valve in continuous use - first used in 1965.

349 - Nothnagel’s syndrome is injury to superior cerebellar peduncle causing ipsilateral oculomotor palsy and contralateral cerebellar ataxia.

350 - Martin-Lewis agar is variant of chocolate agar medium for growing Neisseria.

eponyms in medicine - part 12

111 - Bishop’s score is scoring system for determining whether or not induction of labor will be successful - based on 5 criteria (scored from 0-3): position - cervical consistency - degree of effacement - dilatation - and station; score >9 suggests that induction will be successful.

112 - Gerstmann syndrome is finger agnosia - agraphia - right-left disorientation - and dyscalculia.

113 - Milkman’s fractures is in osteomalacia - radiolucent narrow lines that lie either at right angles or obliquely to the cortical outlines of bones and often transect them; bilateral and symmetric - found at the axillary margins of the scapula - lower ribs - neck of the proximal femurs - and posterior regions of the proximal ulnas; related either to stress fractures or to mechanical erosion by penetrating nutrient arteries; aka Looser’s zones.

114 - hemoglobin Constant Spring is particularly common structural variant with alpha thalassemia in Asia - contains mutation which abolishes normal translation termination codon - so extra 31 residues read until another in-frame termination codon comees up.

115 - Stockholm syndrome is victims sympathizing with victimizer - e.g. - kidnapper; described after incident in summer of 1973 in Stockholm where hostages were taken in a failed bank robbery and after end of their captivity in six days - the hostages resisted rescue.

116 - Kegel exercises is exercises for strengthening pelvic muscles in order to increase urethral closure mechanism in urinary incontinence.

117 - Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is most common inherited peripheral neuropathy - 1/2500 - autosomal dominant - clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by slowly progressive atrophy of the distal muscles - mainly those innervated by peroneal nerve; progressive weakness of varying intensity and atrophy of the muscles of the feet - hands - and legs - leading to pes cavus - clawhand - and stork-leg appearance - usually beginning in the 2nd or 3rd decade. Enlarged greater auricular nerves may be visible and enlarged ulnar and peroneal nerves may be palpated in some patients. Cranial nerves rarely involved.

118 - Spigelian hernia is hernia through the linea semilunaris - aka spontaneous lateral ventral hernia.

119 - Vater - ampulla is location where common bile duct enters the duodenum; described by German anatomist Vater (1684-1751).

120 - Von Graefe sign is in Graves’s disease - lag of the upper eyelid as it follows the rotation of the eyeball downward.