eponyms in medicine - part 21

201 - The Mentzer index is used to differentiate iron deficiency anemia from beta thalassemia. It is calculated from the results of a complete blood count. If the quotient of the mean corpuscular volume divided by the red blood cell count is less than 13, thalassemia is more likely. If the result is greater than 14, then iron-deficiency anemia is more likely.

202 - Myerson's sign is a medical condition where a patient is unable to resist blinking when tapped on the glabella, the area above the nose and between the eyebrows. It is often an early symptom of Parkinson's disease.

203 - Swedish porphyria is acute intermittent porphyria.

204 - Bornholm disease is coxsackie virus producing pleurodynia - fever - cough - sore throat - myalgias in shoulder - chest - and abdomen; Bornholm is a Danish island in Baltic sea.

205 - Hamman-Rich syndrome is acute interstitial pneumonia - a rare fulminant form of lung injury that presents acutely (days to weeks from onset of symptoms) - most commonly occurs in previously healthy individual - characterized by a temporally uniform lesion which reflects an episode of acute lung injury at a single point in time (different from usual interstitial pneumonia where lesions are different age); path shows diffuse alveolar damage (a nonspecific reaction pattern).

206 - Reichert’s cartilage is branchial arch 2.

207 - Potter’s sequence is from oligohydramnios (from e.g. renal agenesis - amniotic leak) leading to amnion nodosum - fetal compression which leads to pulmonary hypoplasia - altered facies - positioning defects of feet - hands - and breech presentation.

208 - CADASIL is cerebral autosomal dominant arteropathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy - rare hereditary cause of stroke that may involve Notch3 gene characterized by recurrent strokes (usually infarcts) and dementia.

209 - Bechterew’s disease is ankylosing spondylitis.

210 - Osler’s nodes is tender to painful - purplish - split pea-sized - subcutaneous nodules in the pulp of the fingers and/or toes and thenar and hypothenar eminences; transient - disappearing within several days (5% of patients); in acute bacterial endocarditis - associated with minute infective emboli; aspiration may reveal the causative organism; in subacute bacterial endocarditis - associated with immune complexes and small-vessel arteritis of skin.