eponyms in medicine - part 41

401 - PANDAS is Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections. Consists of tics - movement disorders - emotional-lability - and obsessive-compulsive behavior associated with streptococcal infection. Caused by IgG antibodies which recognize group A streptococcal cell wall proteins as well as neuronal cytoplasmic antigens of the basal ganglia. Related to Sydenham's chorea.

402 - Haldane effect is deoxygenated hemoglobin having a greater affinity for CO2 than oxygenated hemoglobin.

403 - Brugada syndrome is defect in an ion channel gene resulting in abnormal electrophysiologic activity in the right ventricle and characterized by (1) ST segment elevation in V1-V3 - (2) right bundle branch block - (3) sudden cardiac death - (4) grossly normal heart.

404 - ASPEN syndrome is Association of Sickle cell disease - Priapism (usually major) - Exchange transfusion - Neurological events including headache - lethargy - and seizures; may be due to abrupt cerebral hypoxemia from too-rapid exchange or release of vasoactive cytokines released from penile blood vessels; described in J Urol. 1993; 150:1480-1482.

405 - Wright’s stain is stain used for blood and bone marrow films.

406 - Mibelli - porokeratosis of is classic porokeratosis - localized - chronically progressive - hyperkeratotic - irregular plaques with central atrophy and prominent peripheral keratotic ridge; characterized pathologically by presence of cornoid lamella.

407 - Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is disease of neuromuscular junction associated with paraneoplastic process with proximal muscle weakness that improves with repetitive stimulation; associated with P/Q type presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies; 70% have malignancy - usually small cell cancer.

408 - Heberden’s nodes is characteristic in women - but not in men - represent prominent osteophytes at the DIP joints in osteoarthritis (enlargements of tubercles at the articular extremities of the distal phalanges.

409 - Pick bodies is in neurons - cytoplasmic - round to oval - filamentous inclusions that strongly stain with silver - weakly eosinophilic; composed of neurofilaments - vesiculated endoplasmic reticulum - and paired helical filaments that are immunocytochemically similar to those found in Alzheimer’s; don’t survive death of host neuron like they do in Alzheimer’s.

410 - Monteggia fracture is fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with a dislocation of radial head.

eponyms in medicine - part 16

151 - Kernig sign is first flex patient’s leg at both hip and knee - and then straighten knee; positive sign is pain and increased resistance to extending knee - suggesting meningeal irritation.

152 - Lisker’s sign is in thrombophlebitis or deep vein thrombosis - tenderness to percussion of the medial anterior tibial surface.

153 - Flatbush diabetes is GAD antibody negative diabetes in adult black subjects with diabetic ketoacidosis and increased frequency of human leukocyte antigen DR3 and DR4.

154 - Canavan disease is autosomal recessive infantile spongy degeneration of the brain with Alzheimer type II cells - increased prevalence among Ashkenazi from mutation in aspartoacylase leading to increased levels of N-acetylaspartic acid - described in 1931.

155 - Marie’s sign is fine tremor in hyperthyroidism.

156 - Wright’s stain is stain used for blood and bone marrow films.

157 - Morgagni - hydatids of is fallopian tube cysts found near the fimbriated end or in the broad ligaments.

158 - Zieve’s syndrome is jaundice - hyperlipemia - and hemolytic anemia in alcoholic liver disease; described in 1958.

159 - Cushing’s triad is signs of increased ICP 1. hypertension 2. bradycardia 3. irregular respirations.

160 - Meissner’s plexus is submucous plexus; innervates glandular epithelium - muscularis mucosa - intestinal endocrine cells - and submucosal blood vessels.